SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Zendesk, Inc. (NYSE: ZEN) today reported financial results for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018, and released a Shareholder Letter on its investor relations website at https://investor.zendesk.com. All results and guidance are based on the revenue recognition standard ASC 606.
Results for the Second Quarter 2018
Revenue was $141.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, an increase of 39% over the prior year period. GAAP net income (loss) for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was $(34.4) million, and GAAP net income (loss) per share was $(0.33). Non-GAAP net income (loss) was $3.1 million, and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share was $0.03. Non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes approximately $30.2 million in share-based compensation and related expenses (including $1.7 million of employer tax related to employee stock transactions and $0.4 million of amortization of share-based compensation capitalized in internal-use software), $5.9 million of amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, $0.7 million of amortization of purchased intangibles, and $0.7 million of acquisition-related expenses. GAAP net income (loss) per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was based on 105.0 million weighted average shares outstanding (basic and diluted), and non-GAAP net income (loss) per share for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 was based on 105.0 million weighted averages shares outstanding (basic) and 111.7 million weighted average shares outstanding (diluted).
Outlook
As of July 31, 2018, Zendesk provided guidance for the quarter ending September 30, 2018 and updated its guidance for the year ending December 31, 2018.
For the quarter ending September 30, 2018, Zendesk expects to report:
- Revenue in the range of $150.0 - 152.0 million
- GAAP operating income (loss) in the range of $(31.0) - (33.0) million, which includes share-based compensation and related expenses of approximately $33.7 million, amortization of purchased intangibles of approximately $0.7 million, and acquisition-related expenses of approximately $0.6 million
- Non-GAAP operating income (loss) in the range of $2.0 - 4.0 million, which excludes share-based compensation and related expenses of approximately $33.7 million, amortization of purchased intangibles of approximately $0.7 million, and acquisition-related expenses of approximately $0.6 million
- Approximately 106.4 million weighted average shares outstanding (basic)
- Approximately 113.2 million weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)
For the full year 2018, Zendesk expects to report:
- Revenue in the range of $582.0 - 586.0 million
- GAAP operating income (loss) in the range of $(130.0) - (135.0) million, which includes share-based compensation and related expenses of approximately $129.7 million, amortization of purchased intangibles of approximately $2.7 million, and acquisition-related expenses of approximately $2.6 million
- Non-GAAP operating income (loss) in the range of $0.0 - 5.0 million, which excludes share-based compensation and related expenses of approximately $129.7 million, amortization of purchased intangibles of approximately $2.7 million, and acquisition-related expenses of approximately $2.6 million
- Approximately 105.8 million weighted average shares outstanding (basic)
- Approximately 113.3 million weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)
- Free cash flow in the range of $28.0 - 30.0 million
We have not reconciled free cash flow guidance to net cash from operating activities for the full year 2018 because we do not provide guidance on the reconciling items between net cash from operating activities and free cash flow, as a result of the uncertainty regarding, and the potential variability of, these items. The actual amount of such reconciling items will have a significant impact on our free cash flow and, accordingly, a reconciliation of net cash from operating activities to free cash flow for the full year 2018 is not available without unreasonable effort.
Zendesk’s estimates of share-based compensation and related expenses, amortization of purchased intangibles, acquisition-related expenses, weighted average shares outstanding, and free cash flow in future periods assume, among other things, the occurrence of no additional acquisitions, investments or restructurings, and no further revisions to share-based compensation and related expenses.
Shareholder Letter and Conference Call Information
The detailed Shareholder Letter is available at https://investor.zendesk.com and Zendesk will host a conference call to answer questions today, July 31, 2018, at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time, 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time. A live webcast of the conference call will be available at https://investor.zendesk.com. The conference call can also be accessed by dialing 833-287-0801, or +1 647-689-4460 (outside the U.S. and Canada). The conference ID is 3378309. A replay of the call via webcast will be available at https://investor.zendesk.com or by dialing 800-585-8367 or +1 416-621-4642 (outside the U.S. and Canada) and entering passcode 3378309. The dial-in replay will be available until the end of day August 2, 2018. The webcast replay will be available for 12 months.
About Zendesk
The best customer experiences are built with Zendesk. Zendesk’s powerful and flexible customer service and engagement platform scales to meet the needs of any business, from startups and small businesses to growth companies and enterprises. Zendesk serves businesses across a multitude of industries, with more than 125,000 paid customer accounts offering service and support in more than 30 languages. Headquartered in San Francisco, Zendesk operates worldwide with 15 offices in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and South America. Learn more at www.zendesk.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements, including, among other things, statements regarding Zendesk’s future financial performance, its continued investment to grow its business, and progress towards its long-term financial objectives. The words such as “may,” “should,” “will,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “project,” and similar phrases that denote future expectation or intent regarding Zendesk’s financial results, operations, and other matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events.
The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause Zendesk’s actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially, including (i) adverse changes in general economic or market conditions; (ii) Zendesk’s ability to adapt its products to changing market dynamics and customer preferences or achieve increased market acceptance of its products; (iii) Zendesk’s ability to effectively expand its sales capabilities, (iv) Zendesk’s ability to effectively market and sell its products to larger enterprises, (v) Zendesk’s expectation that the future growth rate of its revenues will decline, and that, as its costs increase, Zendesk may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to achieve or sustain profitability; (vi) the market in which Zendesk operates is intensely competitive, and Zendesk may not compete effectively; (vii) the development of the market for software as a service business software applications; (viii) Zendesk’s ability to introduce and market new products and to support its products on a shared services platform; (ix) Zendesk’s ability to integrate acquired businesses and technologies successfully or achieve the expected benefits of such acquisitions; (x) Zendesk’s ability to effectively manage its growth and organizational change; (xi) breaches in Zendesk’s security measures or unauthorized access to its customers’ data; (xii) service interruptions or performance problems associated with Zendesk’s technology and infrastructure; (xiii) real or perceived errors, failures, or bugs in its products; and (xiv) Zendesk’s substantial reliance on its customers renewing their subscriptions and purchasing additional subscriptions.
The forward-looking statements contained in this press release are also subject to additional risks, uncertainties, and factors, including those more fully described in Zendesk’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. Further information on potential risks that could affect actual results will be included in the subsequent periodic and current reports and other filings that Zendesk makes with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.
Forward-looking statements represent Zendesk’s management’s beliefs and assumptions only as of the date such statements are made. Zendesk undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this press release to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this press release or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | ||||||||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except per share data; unaudited) |
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| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2018 |
2017 |
2018 |
2017 |
|||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 141,882 | $ | 102,096 | $ | 271,673 | $ | 195,984 | ||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 44,160 | 30,663 | 83,216 | 58,770 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 97,722 | 71,433 | 188,457 | 137,214 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 37,624 | 28,698 | 74,708 | 55,154 | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 69,450 | 50,412 | 134,508 | 96,681 | ||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 24,245 | 19,788 | 46,452 | 38,105 | ||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 131,319 | 98,898 | 255,668 | 189,940 | ||||||||||||
| Operating loss | (33,597 | ) | (27,465 | ) | (67,211 | ) | (52,726 | ) | ||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 3,826 | 827 | 5,344 | 1,540 | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (6,289 | ) | — | (7,053 | ) | — | ||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | 27 | (319 | ) | 272 | (814 | ) | ||||||||||
|
Total other income (expense), net |
(2,436 | ) | 508 | (1,437 | ) | 726 | ||||||||||
| Loss before benefit from income taxes | (36,033 | ) | (26,957 | ) | (68,648 | ) | (52,000 | ) | ||||||||
| Benefit from income taxes | (1,667 | ) | (690 | ) | (4,957 | ) | (652 | ) | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (34,366 | ) | $ | (26,267 | ) | $ | (63,691 | ) | $ | (51,348 | ) | ||||
| Net loss per share, basic and diluted | $ | (0.33 | ) | $ | (0.26 | ) | $ | (0.61 | ) | $ | (0.52 | ) | ||||
| Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted | 105,000 | 99,506 | 104,350 | 98,545 | ||||||||||||
|
*Adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASC 606. |
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| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||||||||
|
(In thousands, except par value; unaudited) |
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| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2018 | 2017 | |||||||
| *As adjusted | ||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 492,752 | $ | 109,370 | ||||
| Marketable securities | 191,503 | 137,576 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,478 and $1,252 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively | 69,419 | 57,096 | ||||||
| Deferred costs | 19,335 | 15,771 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 31,170 | 24,165 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 804,179 | 343,978 | ||||||
| Marketable securities, noncurrent | 188,770 | 97,447 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 69,426 | 59,157 | ||||||
| Deferred costs, noncurrent | 20,250 | 15,395 | ||||||
| Goodwill and intangible assets, net | 65,647 | 67,034 | ||||||
| Other assets | 10,813 | 8,359 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,159,085 | $ | 591,370 | ||||
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 14,229 | $ | 5,307 | ||||
| Accrued liabilities | 39,481 | 21,876 | ||||||
| Accrued compensation and related benefits | 33,612 | 29,017 | ||||||
| Deferred revenue | 206,456 | 173,147 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 293,778 | 229,347 | ||||||
| Convertible senior notes, net | 446,060 | — | ||||||
| Deferred revenue, noncurrent | 1,504 | 1,213 | ||||||
| Other liabilities | 12,877 | 6,626 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 754,219 | 237,186 | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share | — | — | ||||||
| Common stock, par value $0.01 per share | 1,056 | 1,031 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 871,343 | 753,568 | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (5,799 | ) | (2,372 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated deficit | (461,734 | ) | (398,043 | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 404,866 | 354,184 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,159,085 | $ | 591,370 | ||||
|
*Adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASC 606. |
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|
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
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|
(In thousands; unaudited) |
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| Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2018 |
2017 |
|||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (34,366 | ) | $ | (26,267 | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 8,798 | 8,209 | ||||||
| Share-based compensation | 28,148 | 20,945 | ||||||
| Amortization of deferred costs | 5,020 | 3,419 | ||||||
| Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | 5,930 | — | ||||||
| Other | 2,048 | (338 | ) | |||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | (17,587 | ) | (2,303 | ) | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (4,061 | ) | (2,473 | ) | ||||
| Deferred costs | (10,536 | ) | (5,507 | ) | ||||
| Other assets and liabilities | 2,716 | (3,072 | ) | |||||
| Accounts payable | 9,214 | 1,851 | ||||||
| Accrued liabilities | 590 | 1,664 | ||||||
| Accrued compensation and related benefits | 5,091 | 3,990 | ||||||
| Deferred revenue | 22,691 | 10,177 | ||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 23,696 | 10,295 | ||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment | (13,228 | ) | (4,485 | ) | ||||
| Internal-use software development costs | (1,817 | ) | (1,463 | ) | ||||
| Purchases of marketable securities | (170,690 | ) | (41,567 | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities | 39,317 | 30,032 | ||||||
| Proceeds from sales of marketable securities | 1,866 | 12,141 | ||||||
| Cash paid for the acquisition of Outbound, net of cash acquired | — | (16,470 | ) | |||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (144,552 | ) | (21,812 | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||||||||
| Issuance costs related to convertible senior notes | (570 | ) | — | |||||
| Proceeds from exercises of employee stock options | 3,554 | 3,486 | ||||||
| Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan | 4,853 | 3,295 | ||||||
| Other | (3,128 | ) | (1,609 | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 4,709 | 5,172 | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (1 | ) | 81 | |||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (116,148 | ) | (6,264 | ) | ||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 610,545 | 110,776 | ||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 494,397 | $ | 104,512 | ||||
|
*Adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASC 606 and ASU 2016-18. |
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|
Non-GAAP Results |
| (In thousands, except per share data) |
| The following table shows Zendesk’s GAAP results reconciled to non-GAAP results included in this release. |
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
|
2018 |
2017 |
2018 |
2017 |
|||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of gross profit and gross margin | ||||||||||||||||
| GAAP gross profit | $ | 97,722 | $ | 71,433 | $ | 188,457 | $ | 137,214 | ||||||||
| Plus: Share-based compensation | 3,474 | 2,156 | 6,572 | 4,260 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Employer tax related to employee stock transactions | 296 | 133 | 556 | 302 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Amortization of purchased intangibles | 612 | 919 | 1,224 | 1,749 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Amortization of share-based compensation capitalized in internal-use software | 356 | 448 | 718 | 878 | ||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP gross profit | $ | 102,460 | $ | 75,089 | $ | 197,527 | $ | 144,403 | ||||||||
| GAAP gross margin | 69 | % | 70 | % | 69 | % | 70 | % | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments | 3 | % | 4 | % | 4 | % | 4 | % | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP gross margin | 72 | % | 74 | % | 73 | % | 74 | % | ||||||||
| Reconciliation of operating expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| GAAP research and development | $ | 37,624 | $ | 28,698 | $ | 74,708 | $ | 55,154 | ||||||||
| Less: Share-based compensation | (9,529 | ) | (7,584 | ) | (19,758 | ) | (14,498 | ) | ||||||||
| Less: Employer tax related to employee stock transactions | (642 | ) | (356 | ) | (1,385 | ) | (904 | ) | ||||||||
| Less: Acquisition-related expenses | (404 | ) | (175 | ) | (787 | ) | (175 | ) | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP research and development | $ | 27,049 | $ | 20,583 | $ | 52,778 | $ | 39,577 | ||||||||
| GAAP research and development as percentage of revenue | 27 | % | 28 | % | 27 | % | 28 | % | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP research and development as percentage of revenue | 19 | % | 20 | % | 19 | % | 20 | % | ||||||||
| GAAP sales and marketing | $ | 69,450 | $ | 50,412 | $ | 134,508 | $ | 96,681 | ||||||||
| Less: Share-based compensation | (9,178 | ) | (5,884 | ) | (17,186 | ) | (11,408 | ) | ||||||||
| Less: Employer tax related to employee stock transactions | (500 | ) | (247 | ) | (1,074 | ) | (614 | ) | ||||||||
| Less: Amortization of purchased intangibles | (57 | ) | (123 | ) | (167 | ) | (225 | ) | ||||||||
| Less: Acquisition-related expenses | (281 | ) | (187 | ) | (563 | ) | (187 | ) | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP sales and marketing | $ | 59,434 | $ | 43,971 | $ | 115,518 | $ | 84,247 | ||||||||
| GAAP sales and marketing as percentage of revenue | 49 | % | 49 | % | 50 | % | 49 | % | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP sales and marketing as percentage of revenue | 42 | % | 43 | % | 43 | % | 43 | % | ||||||||
| GAAP general and administrative | $ | 24,245 | $ | 19,788 | $ | 46,452 | $ | 38,105 | ||||||||
| Less: Share-based compensation | (5,967 | ) | (5,321 | ) | (11,619 | ) | (9,883 | ) | ||||||||
| Less: Employer tax related to employee stock transactions | (282 | ) | (133 | ) | (589 | ) | (403 | ) | ||||||||
| Less: Acquisition-related expenses | — | (522 | ) | — | (522 | ) | ||||||||||
| Non-GAAP general and administrative | $ | 17,996 | $ | 13,812 | $ | 34,244 | $ | 27,297 | ||||||||
| GAAP general and administrative as percentage of revenue | 17 | % | 19 | % | 17 | % | 19 | % | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP general and administrative as percentage of revenue | 13 | % | 14 | % | 13 | % | 14 | % | ||||||||
| Reconciliation of operating loss and operating margin | ||||||||||||||||
| GAAP operating loss | $ | (33,597 | ) | $ | (27,465 | ) | $ | (67,211 | ) | $ | (52,726 | ) | ||||
| Plus: Share-based compensation | 28,148 | 20,945 | 55,135 | 40,049 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Employer tax related to employee stock transactions | 1,720 | 869 | 3,604 | 2,223 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Amortization of purchased intangibles | 669 | 1,042 | 1,391 | 1,974 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Acquisition-related expenses | 685 | 884 | 1,350 | 884 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Amortization of share-based compensation capitalized in internal-use software | 356 | 448 | 718 | 878 | ||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP operating loss | $ | (2,019 | ) | $ | (3,277 | ) | $ | (5,013 | ) | $ | (6,718 | ) | ||||
| GAAP operating margin | (24 | )% | (27 |
)% |
(25 | )% | (27 | )% | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments | 23 | % | 24 | % | 23 | % | 24 | % | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP operating margin | (1 | )% | (3 | )% | (2 | )% | (3 | )% | ||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2018 |
2017 |
2018 |
2017 |
|||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of net income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||
| GAAP net loss | $ | (34,366 | ) | $ | (26,267 | ) | $ | (63,691 | ) | $ | (51,348 | ) | ||||
| Plus: Share-based compensation | 28,148 | 20,945 | 55,135 | 40,049 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Employer tax related to employee stock transactions | 1,720 | 869 | 3,604 | 2,223 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Amortization of purchased intangibles | 669 | 1,042 | 1,391 | 1,974 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Acquisition-related expenses | 685 | 884 | 1,350 | 884 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Amortization of share-based compensation capitalized in internal-use software | 356 | 448 | 718 | 878 | ||||||||||||
| Plus: Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | 5,930 | — | 6,650 | — | ||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP net income (loss) | $ | 3,142 | $ | (2,079 | ) | $ | 5,157 | $ | (5,340 | ) | ||||||
| Reconciliation of net income (loss) per share, basic | ||||||||||||||||
| GAAP net loss per share, basic | $ | (0.33 | ) | $ | (0.26 | ) | $ | (0.61 | ) | $ | (0.52 | ) | ||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments to net loss | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.66 | 0.47 | ||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, basic | $ | 0.03 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.05 | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||||
| Reconciliation of net income (loss) per share, diluted | ||||||||||||||||
| GAAP net loss per share, diluted | $ | (0.33 | ) | $ | (0.26 | ) | $ | (0.61 | ) | $ | (0.52 | ) | ||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments to net loss | 0.36 | 0.24 | 0.66 | 0.47 | ||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, diluted | $ | 0.03 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 0.05 | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||||
| Weighted-average shares used in GAAP per share calculation, basic and diluted | 105,000 | 99,506 | 104,350 | 98,545 | ||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares used in non-GAAP per share calculation | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 105,000 | 99,506 | 104,350 | 98,545 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted | 111,725 | 99,506 | 110,300 | 98,545 | ||||||||||||
| Computation of free cash flow | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 23,696 | $ | 10,295 | $ | 39,938 | $ | 17,577 | ||||||||
| Less: purchases of property and equipment | (13,228 | ) | (4,485 | ) | (20,036 | ) | (9,276 | ) | ||||||||
| Less: internal-use software development costs | (1,817 | ) | (1,463 | ) | (4,161 | ) | (3,315 | ) | ||||||||
| Free cash flow | $ | 8,651 | $ | 4,347 | $ | 15,741 | $ | 4,986 | ||||||||
|
*Adjusted to reflect the adoption of ASC 606. |
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About Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To provide investors and others with additional information regarding Zendesk’s results, the following non-GAAP financial measures were disclosed: non-GAAP gross profit and gross margin, non-GAAP operating expenses, non-GAAP operating income (loss) and operating margin, non-GAAP net income (loss), non-GAAP net income (loss) per share, basic and diluted, and free cash flow.
Specifically, Zendesk excludes the following from its historical and prospective non-GAAP financial measures, as applicable:
Share-based Compensation and Amortization of Share-based Compensation Capitalized in Internal-use Software: Zendesk utilizes share-based compensation to attract and retain employees. It is principally aimed at aligning their interests with those of its stockholders and at long-term retention, rather than to address operational performance for any particular period. As a result, share-based compensation expenses vary for reasons that are generally unrelated to financial and operational performance in any particular period.
Employer Tax Related to Employee Stock Transactions: Zendesk views the amount of employer taxes related to its employee stock transactions as an expense that is dependent on its stock price, employee exercise and other award disposition activity, and other factors that are beyond Zendesk’s control. As a result, employer taxes related to its employee stock transactions vary for reasons that are generally unrelated to financial and operational performance in any particular period.
Amortization of Purchased Intangibles: Zendesk views amortization of purchased intangible assets, including the amortization of the cost associated with an acquired entity’s developed technology, as items arising from pre-acquisition activities determined at the time of an acquisition. While these intangible assets are evaluated for impairment regularly, amortization of the cost of purchased intangibles is an expense that is not typically affected by operations during any particular period.
Acquisition-Related Expenses: Zendesk views acquisition-related expenses, such as transaction costs, integration costs, restructuring costs, and acquisition-related retention payments, including amortization of acquisition-related retention payments capitalized in internal-use software, as events that are not necessarily reflective of operational performance during a period. In particular, Zendesk believes the consideration of measures that exclude such expenses can assist in the comparison of operational performance in different periods which may or may not include such expenses.
Amortization of Debt Discount and Issuance Costs: In March 2018, Zendesk issued $575 million of convertible senior notes due in 2023, which bear interest at an annual fixed rate of 0.25%. The imputed interest rate of the convertible senior notes was approximately 5.26%. This is a result of the debt discount recorded for the conversion feature that is required to be separately accounted for as equity, and debt issuance costs, which reduce the carrying value of the convertible debt instrument. The debt discount is amortized as interest expense together with the issuance costs of the debt. The expense for the amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs is a non-cash item, and we believe the exclusion of this interest expense will provide for a more useful comparison of our operational performance in different periods.
Zendesk provides disclosures regarding its free cash flow, which is defined as net cash from operating activities, less purchases of property and equipment and internal-use software development costs. Zendesk uses free cash flow, among other measures, to evaluate the ability of its operations to generate cash that is available for purposes other than capital expenditures and capitalized software development costs. Zendesk believes that information regarding free cash flow provides investors with an important perspective on the cash available to fund ongoing operations.
Zendesk has not reconciled free cash flow guidance to net cash from operating activities for the year ending December 31, 2018 because Zendesk does not provide guidance on the reconciling items between net cash from operating activities and free cash flow, as a result of the uncertainty regarding, and the potential variability of, these items. The actual amount of such reconciling items will have a significant impact on Zendesk’s free cash flow and, accordingly, a reconciliation of net cash from operating activities to free cash flow for the year ending December 31, 2018 is not available without unreasonable effort.
Zendesk does not provide a reconciliation of its non-GAAP operating margin guidance to GAAP operating margin for future periods beyond the current fiscal year because Zendesk does not provide guidance on the reconciling items between GAAP operating margin and non-GAAP operating margin for such periods, as a result of the uncertainty regarding, and the potential variability of, these items. The actual amount of such reconciling items will have a significant impact on Zendesk’s non-GAAP operating margin and, accordingly, a reconciliation of GAAP operating margin to non-GAAP operating margin guidance for such periods is not available without unreasonable effort.
Zendesk’s disclosures regarding its expectations for its non-GAAP gross margin include adjustments to its expectations for its GAAP gross margin that exclude share-based compensation and related expenses in Zendesk’s cost of revenue and amortization of purchased intangibles related to developed technology. The share-based compensation and related expenses excluded due to such adjustments are primarily comprised of the share-based compensation and related expenses for employees associated with Zendesk’s infrastructure and customer experience organization.
Zendesk does not provide a reconciliation of its non-GAAP gross margin guidance to GAAP gross margin for future periods because Zendesk does not provide guidance on the reconciling items between GAAP gross margin and non-GAAP gross margin, as a result of the uncertainty regarding, and the potential variability of, these items. The actual amount of such reconciling items will have a significant impact on Zendesk’s non-GAAP gross margin and, accordingly, a reconciliation of GAAP gross margin to non-GAAP gross margin guidance for the period is not available without unreasonable effort.
Zendesk uses non-GAAP financial information to evaluate its ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. Zendesk's management does not itself, nor does it suggest that investors should, consider such non-GAAP financial measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. Zendesk presents such non-GAAP financial measures in reporting its financial results to provide investors with an additional tool to evaluate Zendesk's operating results. Zendesk believes these non-GAAP financial measures are useful because they allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision-making. This allows investors and others to better understand and evaluate Zendesk’s operating results and future prospects in the same manner as management.
Zendesk's management believes it is useful for itself and investors to review, as applicable, both GAAP information that may include items such as share-based compensation and related expenses, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs, amortization of purchased intangibles, and acquisition-related expenses, and the non-GAAP measures that exclude such information in order to assess the performance of Zendesk's business and for planning and forecasting in subsequent periods. When Zendesk uses such a non-GAAP financial measure with respect to historical periods, it provides a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the most closely comparable GAAP financial measure. When Zendesk uses such a non-GAAP financial measure in a forward-looking manner for future periods, and a reconciliation is not determinable without unreasonable effort, Zendesk provides the reconciling information that is determinable without unreasonable effort and identifies the information that would need to be added or subtracted from the non-GAAP measure to arrive at the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure as detailed above.
About Operating Metrics
Zendesk reviews a number of operating metrics to evaluate its business, measure performance, identify trends, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions. These include the number of paid customer accounts on Zendesk Support, Zendesk Chat, and its other products, dollar-based net expansion rate, monthly recurring revenue represented by its churned customers, and the percentage of its monthly recurring revenue from Support originating from customers with 100 or more agents on Support.
Zendesk defines the number of paid customer accounts at the end of any particular period as the sum of (i) the number of accounts on Support, exclusive of its legacy Starter plan, free trials, or other free services, (ii) the number of accounts using Chat, exclusive of free trials or other free services, and (iii) the number of accounts on all of its other products, exclusive of free trials and other free services, each as of the end of the period and as identified by a unique account identifier. In the quarter ended June 30, 2018, Zendesk began to offer an omnichannel subscription, which provides access to multiple products through a single paid customer account, Zendesk Suite. All of the Suite paid customer accounts are included in the number of accounts on all of Zendesk’s other products and are not included in the number of paid customer accounts using Support or Chat. Other than usage of Zendesk’s products through its omnichannel subscription offering, the use of Support, Chat, and Zendesk’s other products requires separate subscriptions and each of these accounts are treated as a separate paid customer account. Existing customers may also expand their utilization of Zendesk’s products by adding new accounts and a single consolidated organization or customer may have multiple accounts across each of Zendesk’s products to service separate subsidiaries, divisions, or work processes. Other than usage of Zendesk’s products through its omnichannel subscription offering, each of these accounts is also treated as a separate paid customer account.
Zendesk’s dollar-based net expansion rate provides a measurement of its ability to increase revenue across its existing customer base through expansion of authorized agents associated with a paid customer account, upgrades in subscription plans, and the purchase of additional products as offset by churn, contraction in authorized agents associated with a paid customer account, and downgrades in subscription plans. Zendesk’s dollar-based net expansion rate is based upon monthly recurring revenue for a set of paid customer accounts on its products. Monthly recurring revenue for a paid customer account is a legal and contractual determination made by assessing the contractual terms of each paid customer account, as of the date of determination, as to the revenue Zendesk expects to generate in the next monthly period for that paid customer account, assuming no changes to the subscription and without taking into account any one-time discounts or any platform usage above the subscription base, if any, that may be applicable to such subscription. Monthly recurring revenue is not determined by reference to historical revenue, deferred revenue, or any other GAAP financial measure over any period. It is forward-looking and contractually derived as of the date of determination.
Zendesk calculates its dollar-based net expansion rate by dividing the retained revenue net of contraction and churn by Zendesk’s base revenue. Zendesk defines its base revenue as the aggregate monthly recurring revenue across its products for customers with paid customer accounts on Support or Chat as of the date one year prior to the date of calculation. Zendesk defines the retained revenue net of contraction and churn as the aggregate monthly recurring revenue across its products for the same customer base included in the measure of base revenue at the end of the annual period being measured. The dollar-based net expansion rate is also adjusted to eliminate the effect of certain activities that Zendesk identifies involving the transfer of agents between paid customer accounts, consolidation of customer accounts, or the split of a single paid customer account into multiple paid customer accounts. In addition, the dollar-based net expansion rate is adjusted to include paid customer accounts in the customer base used to determine retained revenue net of contraction and churn that share common corporate information with customers in the customer base that are used to determine the base revenue. Giving effect to this consolidation results in Zendesk’s dollar-based net expansion rate being calculated across approximately 107,800 customers, as compared to the approximately 130,300 total paid customer accounts as of June 30, 2018.
To the extent that Zendesk can determine that the underlying customers do not share common corporate information, Zendesk does not aggregate paid customer accounts associated with reseller and other similar channel arrangements for the purposes of determining its dollar-based net expansion rate. While not material, Zendesk believes the failure to account for these activities would otherwise skew the dollar-based net expansion metrics associated with customers that maintain multiple paid customer accounts across its products and paid customer accounts associated with reseller and other similar channel arrangements.
Zendesk does not currently incorporate operating metrics associated with its analytics product or its Connect product into its measurement of dollar-based net expansion rate.
For a more detailed description of how Zendesk calculates its dollar-based net expansion rate, please refer to Zendesk’s periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Zendesk’s percentage of monthly recurring revenue from Support that is generated by customers with 100 or more agents on Support is determined by dividing the monthly recurring revenue from Support for paid customer accounts with 100 or more agents on Support as of the measurement date by the monthly recurring revenue from Support for all paid customer accounts on Support as of the measurement date. Zendesk determines the customers with 100 or more agents on Support as of the measurement date based on the number of activated agents on Support at the measurement date and includes adjustments to aggregate paid customer accounts that share common corporate information.
Zendesk determines the annualized value of a contract by annualizing the monthly recurring revenue for such contract.
Zendesk does not currently incorporate operating metrics associated with products other than Support into its measurement of the percentage of monthly recurring revenue from Support that is generated by customers with 100 or more agents on Support.
Source: Zendesk, Inc.